帮助:MediaWiki 安装：修订间差异
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Maintenance script（留言 | 贡献） 基于本站实际配置统一校对安装说明 |
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'''说明''' 本指南结合 MediaWiki 官方文档与实际部署经验，概述通用安装流程，并结合本站（learn.houjue.digital）当前环境给出可直接复用的参数与命令。请始终以 [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Installing_MediaWiki 官方安装指南] 为权威来源，并根据自己的环境调整命令与路径。 |
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这个页面介绍了本站的 MediaWiki 的安装笔记. |
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== 服务器配置 == |
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'''服务器提供商''': 腾讯云-轻量云（轻量应用服务器） |
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== 环境准备 == |
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'''地域和可用区''': 新加坡 | 新加坡一区 |
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=== 系统与组件 === |
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本站当前运行环境如下（可按需替换为你的实际版本）： |
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* 操作系统：Debian 12 (bookworm) |
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* Web 服务器：Nginx 1.22.x |
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* PHP：8.2.x（PHP-FPM） |
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* 数据库：MariaDB 10.11.x |
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常用版本检查命令： |
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'''实例规格''': |
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* '''CPU''': 2核 |
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* '''内存''': 2GB |
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* '''系统盘''': SSD云硬盘 50GB |
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* '''流量包''': 1024GB/月（峰值带宽 30Mbps） |
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== 服务器环境 == |
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=== 操作系统 === |
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'''镜像名称''': Debian |
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'''操作系统''': Debian 12.0 64bit |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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cat /etc/os-release |
cat /etc/os-release |
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nginx -v |
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sudo apt update |
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sudo apt upgrade |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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=== 服务器软件 === |
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* '''宝塔Linux面板''': 正式版9.4.0 |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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wget -O install_panel.sh https://download.bt.cn/install/install_panel.sh && bash install_panel.sh ed8484bec |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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* '''Apache 2.4.62 (PHP+fpm)''' |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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which apache2 |
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apache2 -v |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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* '''MySQL 5.7.44'''（MediaWiki最低要求5.7，官方推荐MongoDB） |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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which mysql |
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systemctl status mysql |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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* '''PHP 8.2.27'''（MediaWiki最低要求8.1） |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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which php |
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php -v |
php -v |
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mysql --version |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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* '''phpMyAdmin 5.2'''（可通过宝塔安装） |
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* '''ffmpeg 6.1'''（可通过宝塔安装） |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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which ffmpeg |
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ffmpeg -version |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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=== 依赖 |
=== 更新与依赖 === |
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根据本站当前部署（Debian 12 + Nginx + PHP 8.2 FPM + MariaDB），建议按以下方式更新与安装依赖： |
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==== php-wikidiff2 ==== |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y |
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apt-get install php-wikidiff2 |
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sudo apt install nginx mariadb-server php8.2-fpm php8.2-cli php8.2-mysql php8.2-gd php8.2-mbstring php8.2-xml php8.2-curl php8.2-zip php8.2-intl php8.2-apcu unzip git -y |
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find /usr/lib/ -name wikidiff2.so |
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# 多媒体与差异对比工具 |
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nano /www/server/php/82/etc/php.ini |
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sudo apt install ffmpeg poppler-utils imagemagick php-wikidiff2 -y |
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extension=/usr/lib/php/20220829/wikidiff2.so |
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php -m | grep wikidiff2 |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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$wgDiffEngine = "wikidiff2"; |
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$wgDiff3 = "/usr/bin/diff3"; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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如需启用 Lua/时间线/乐谱等扩展，可按需补充： |
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==== LilyPond ==== |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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# Scribunto |
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sudo apt update |
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sudo apt install |
sudo apt install php-luasandbox -y |
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# EasyTimeline/Score 等 |
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lilypond --version |
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sudo apt install perl ploticus lilypond ghostscript -y |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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wfLoadExtension( 'Score' ); |
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$wgScoreTrim = true; |
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$wgImageMagickConvertCommand = '/usr/bin/convert'; |
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$wgScoreSafeMode = false; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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说明：本站使用 Nginx + PHP-FPM，如需 Apache 请改用对应包与配置；PHP-FPM 请确保与 Nginx 配置匹配。 |
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==== Ghostscript ==== |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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sudo apt update |
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sudo apt install ghostscript |
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gs --version |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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== 安装步骤 == |
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=== 1. 下载 MediaWiki（通用流程） === |
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从官方 https://releases.wikimedia.org 下载当前稳定版本。示例命令： |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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cd /var/www |
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sudo apt update |
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wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.45/mediawiki-1.45.0.tar.gz |
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sudo apt install fluidsynth |
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tar -xzvf mediawiki-1.45.0.tar.gz |
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fluidsynth --version |
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mv mediawiki-1.45.0 mediawiki |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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本站实际路径：<code>/var/www/mediawiki</code>，Web 用户为 <code>www-data</code>。 |
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==== LAME ==== |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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sudo apt update |
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sudo apt install lame |
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lame --version |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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$wgScoreLame = '/usr/bin/lame'; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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=== 2. 创建数据库与用户（通用流程） === |
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==== php-luasandbox ==== |
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登录数据库创建专用数据库与账号： |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="sql"> |
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sudo apt update |
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CREATE DATABASE my_wiki CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; |
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sudo apt install php-luasandbox -y |
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CREATE USER 'wikiuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '强密码'; |
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find /usr/lib/php/ -name "luasandbox.so" |
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GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON my_wiki.* TO 'wikiuser'@'localhost'; |
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nano /www/server/php/82/etc/php.ini |
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FLUSH PRIVILEGES; |
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extension=/usr/lib/php/20220829/luasandbox.so |
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php -m | grep luasandbox |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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wfLoadExtension( 'Scribunto' ); |
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$wgScribuntoEngineConf['luasandbox']['memoryLimit'] = 50 * 1024 * 1024; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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本站实际数据库配置（见 <code>/var/www/learn.php</code>）： |
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==== Composer ==== |
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* 数据库：<code>learn</code> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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* 用户：<code>learn</code> |
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composer update --no-dev |
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* 主机：<code>localhost</code> |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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=== 3. 运行安装向导（通用流程） === |
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== 服务器配置 == |
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在浏览器打开 <code>https://<你的域名或IP>/mw-config/</code>，安装向导会依次要求填写环境检测、数据库信息、站点名称、管理员账号、上传目录等。 |
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=== Apache相关 === |
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完成后会生成 <code>LocalSettings.php</code>，请放到 MediaWiki 根目录。 |
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'''禁用防跨站攻击 (open_basedir)''' |
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'''启用HTTPS防窜站''' |
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'''TLS 1.0和1.1禁用''' |
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'''伪静态配置''' |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="apache"> |
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RewriteEngine On |
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RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off |
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RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301] |
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !\.(css|js|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot|less)$ [NC] |
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/load.php [NC] |
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/api.php [NC] |
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RewriteRule ^w/(.*)$ /index.php?title=$1 [L,QSA] |
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f |
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d |
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RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php [L,QSA] |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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wfLoadExtension( 'UrlShortener' ); |
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本站实际配置： |
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$wgUrlShortenerTemplate = '/r/$1'; |
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* <code>$wgServer = "https://learn.houjue.digital";</code> |
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$wgUrlShortenerServer = "false"; |
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* <code>$wgScriptPath = "";</code> |
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$wgUrlShortenerEnableQrCode = true; |
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* <code>$wgArticlePath = "/wiki/$1";</code> |
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$wgUrlShortenerQrCodeShortenLimit = 200; |
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* 上传目录：<code>/sgcos/images</code>（映射为 <code>/images</code>） |
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=== 4. 完成安装与安全加固（通用流程） === |
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$actions = [ |
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上传 LocalSettings 后即可通过站点访问。 |
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'view', |
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* 锁定安装目录：<code>chmod -R 700 /var/www/mediawiki/mw-config</code> |
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'edit', |
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* 确保 <code>LocalSettings.php</code> 权限为 600，Web 服务器可读。 |
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'watch', |
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* 关闭 config 目录写权限： |
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'unwatch', |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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'delete', |
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chmod a-w /var/www/mediawiki/config |
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'revert', |
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'rollback', |
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'protect', |
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'unprotect', |
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'markpatrolled', |
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'render', |
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'submit', |
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'history', |
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'purge', |
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'info', |
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]; |
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foreach ($actions as $action) { |
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$wgActionPaths[$action] = "/w/$action/$1"; |
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} |
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$wgActionPaths['view'] = "/w/$1"; |
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$wgArticlePath = $wgActionPaths['view']; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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== 后续依赖与扩展 == |
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=== php-wikidiff2 === |
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改善差异显示，安装命令： |
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=== Apache安全配置 === |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="apache"> |
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<Directory /www/wwwroot/lib/images/> |
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Options -ExecCGI -Indexes |
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AllowOverride None |
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<FilesMatch "\.(php|php5|pl|py|jsp|asp|htm|html|cgi|sh)$"> |
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Require all denied |
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</FilesMatch> |
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Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" |
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</Directory> |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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=== MySQL相关 === |
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'''官方建议''': |
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* 将所有表转为 InnoDB |
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* 将所有表转为 utf8mb4 |
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=== PHP相关 === |
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'''需要启用的插件'''（部分已默认启用） |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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sudo apt install php-wikidiff2 -y |
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php -m |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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配置： |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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$wgDiffEngine = 'wikidiff2'; |
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Core date libxml openssl pcre sqlite3 zlib bcmath ctype curl dom filter ftp gd gettext hash iconv intl json mbstring SPL session pcntl standard mysqlnd PDO pdo_mysql pdo_sqlite Phar posix random Reflection mysqli shmop SimpleXML soap sockets sodium sysvsem tokenizer xml xmlreader xmlwriter wikidiff2 luasandbox zip imagick fileinfo apcu exif calendar |
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$wgDiff3 = '/usr/bin/diff3'; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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=== php-luasandbox 与 Scribunto === |
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'''需要解除禁用的函数''' |
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安装 Lua 沙箱： |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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proc_open |
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sudo apt install php-luasandbox -y |
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popen |
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putenv |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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启用扩展： |
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== 站点配置 == |
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=== 数据库信息安全 === |
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'''LocalSettings.php''' |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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wfLoadExtension('Scribunto'); |
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include('/www/wwwroot/lib.php'); |
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$wgScribuntoEngineConf['luasandbox']['memoryLimit'] = 50 * 1024 * 1024; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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=== 多媒体工具 === |
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'''lib.php''' |
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* ffmpeg：<code>sudo apt install ffmpeg -y</code> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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* poppler-utils（PDF 处理）：<code>sudo apt install poppler-utils -y</code> |
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<?php |
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* Composer（依赖管理）：<code>curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php && mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer</code> |
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$wgDBserver = 'localhost'; |
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* EasyTimeline/Score/PdfHandler 等扩展可根据需要分别安装 ploticus、perl、lilypond、ghostscript、imagemagick 等依赖。 |
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$wgDBname = ''; |
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$wgDBuser = ''; |
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$wgDBpassword = ''; |
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?> |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
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== HTTPS 与短链接 == |
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本站使用 Nginx，短链接与 HTTPS 参考： |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="nginx"> |
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$wgLogos = [ |
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# 强制 HTTPS |
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'1x' => "$wgResourceBasePath/Libary-4l.png", |
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return 301 https://$host$request_uri; |
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'icon' => "$wgResourceBasePath/Libary-4l.png", |
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]; |
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# MediaWiki 路由（示例，需结合你的站点结构） |
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$wgFavicon = "$wgResourceBasePath/images/logos/Libary-4l.png"; |
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location /wiki/ { |
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$wgAppleTouchIcon = "$wgResourceBasePath/images/logos/Libary-4l.png"; |
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try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; |
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} |
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$wgFooterIcons['logo'] = [ |
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location ~ \.php$ { |
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'yourcustomicon' => [ |
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include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf; |
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'src' => '/images/logos/Libary-1ll.png ', |
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fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock; |
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'url' => $wgServer, |
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} |
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'alt' => 'Logo', |
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'height' => '31', |
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'width' => '68', |
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], |
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]; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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配合以下 LocalSettings： |
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=== 移动端皮肤 === |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
<syntaxhighlight lang="php"> |
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$ |
$wgScriptPath = ''; |
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$wgArticlePath = '/wiki/$1'; |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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== 性能与维护 == |
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* 使用缓存（APCu/Redis）加速页面与消息 |
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* 启用 <code>$wgMainCacheType</code>、<code>$wgParserCacheType</code> 等缓存参数 |
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* 定期运行维护脚本： |
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<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> |
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php maintenance/run.php update.php |
php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/run.php update.php |
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php maintenance/run.php rebuildrecentchanges.php |
php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/run.php rebuildrecentchanges.php |
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php maintenance/run.php |
php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/run.php refreshLinks.php |
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php maintenance/run.php rebuildtextindex.php |
php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/run.php rebuildtextindex.php |
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php maintenance/run.php |
php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/run.php runJobs.php |
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php maintenance/run.php cleanupTitles.php --dry-run |
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</syntaxhighlight> |
</syntaxhighlight> |
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== |
== 故障排查 == |
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* 页面渲染成 WikiText：检查 PHP-FPM/Nginx 是否正常、LocalSettings 是否可读 |
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https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Download/zh |
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* 安装向导无法完成：检查文件夹权限，确保 <code>mw-config</code> 可写且临时可执行 |
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https://www.bt.cn/new/download.html |
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* 文件上传失败：核实上传目录与权限（本站为 <code>/sgcos/images</code>）以及 PHP 限制与 <code>$wgFileExtensions</code> 设置 |
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https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5 |
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* 数据库连接出错：确认凭据、字符集（utf8mb4）及正确的数据库主机 |
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https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting/zh |
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https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words/zh |
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https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Contents/zh |
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https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Contents/zh |
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https://www.huijiwiki.com/wiki/CommunityCenter |
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{{Template:站点帮助文档}} |
{{Template:站点帮助文档}} |
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